Marx, Capital, Volume 1, Chapter 1, Section 3: The Value-form, or Exchange-Value, Part 2: The Simple Form of Value: The relative form: (i) the content

1. To discover the expression of the value of one commodity in another commodity, it is necessary to disregard at first the quantitative/qualitative relation between the two commodities.

2. It is necessary to disregard at first the qualitative/quantitative relation between two commodities in exchange since such a quantitative relation presupposes that both commodities are expressions of or products of the same k_____ of unit, or have the same quality.

3. The usual procedure for analyzing the value relation between two commodities is to analyze only the qualitative/quantitative relation.

4. The equivalent/relative form of value of the linen expresses the value of that commodity–its nature as e______human labour–only through identifying that value with the same/a different natural form of the commodity (the equivalent, the coat in this instance) from its i_________ natural form (the linen).

5. Butyric acid and propyl formate have the same chemical composition in that they both are composed of the same elements (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) in the same proportions (4, 8 and 2, respectively), but they are different material forms or manifestations because they are organized differently. In a similar manner, the values of the linen and the coat are results of the s_____ social cause (abstract, equal human labour that is not social while it is being performed) but in d_________ material forms.

6. Despite butyric acid and propyl formate having the same chemical composition, butyric acid is a rancid fatty acid whereas propyl formate is a pleasant-smelling liquid used to make perfume. This can be explained because of the different physical formation of the two. Conversely, despite having different physical formations, butyric acid and propyl formate have different/identical chemical compositions.

7. Similarly, despite the linen and the coat having the same s________composition (abstract, equal labour/concrete labour), they evidently have different physical characteristics due to their different physical formations by way of abstract, equal labour/concrete labour.

9. Unlike the analytic reduction of commodities to their common nature as value, in the value relation of one commodity to another commodity, there does/does not arise a difference in the form or manner of appearance of the value and its natural form.

10. In the simple form of value, or the exchange relation or the relation of value, the linen equates the coat to itself as something identical to itself and thereby kills two birds with one stone: 1. It affirms that it is itself v; 2. by being identified with the coat, it differentiates its nature as value from its own nature as linen or u___ v____.

11. In the value expression of the linen, the equivalent form (the coat) counts only as v_____ e_______ since its role is only to r_____ the value of the linen.

12. The equating of the coat to the linen as linen’s own value is simultaneously the equating of the l______ that produces the coat as the s____ l_______ that produces the v______ of the linen.

13. Butyric acid and propyl formate have the s____ chemical composition in that they both are composed of the same elements (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) in the same proportions (4, 8 and 2, respectively), but they are different m_______ f______or manifestations because they are o_________ differently.

14. It is the persistent a_________ expression of equivalence of different kinds of labour via the expression of their values in the e__________ process that has led analysts finally to focus, even if implicitly, on the l______ that produces value.

15. There arises an apparent problem with the conditions which are required to be satisied in order to express value. Equal human labour that is not yet social labour as it is being performed is in its fluid or active state, but it is not itself value. Value only is actual when it assumes an objective form in an object. The expression of the value of a commodity must therefore: 1. represent the value as equal human or abstract human labour, a form that expresses o__________ its identity with other commodities 2. while simultaneously distinguishing it from the c__________ ______ ________ and the c_________ __________ expended to produce the use value. The problem, however, has already been resolved through the r________ value of a commodity being expressed in its e____________ form.

16. If value involves both the expenditure of equal human labour and its expression in a form external to the immediate form of the use value, then both p___________ and e___________form necessary aspects of the value of a commodity, but exchange itself is only necessary because labour is/is not yet social as it is being performed.

17. The use value which is the equivalent form is/is not in the equivalent form because of its use value as u____ ______ but because it r_________ the value of the relative form of value, or the equivalent form c_______ as a thing with the same value as the relative form of value because 1. of the existence of the r________ form of value and because 2. the equivalent form also has been p__________ by abstract or equal human labour.

18. It is only in the v______ r________ of one commodity to another that a use value comes to represent the value of another commodity in its natural form.

19. The u_____ _____ as e__________ form does not count as the specifc use value it is but as the m_______embodiment of the value of the other commodity, of the r_______ form of value.

20. The nature of the commodity in relative form as v______ is reflected or represented in the use value or the n________ f______ of the equivalent form of value.

21. A commodity in the value relation has t____ forms: a n_______ form (use value) and a social form: the v______ form (the equivalent form).

22. Marx calls the first or simplest form of the value relation the s_____, i________ or a______________ form of value.

23. The simple form of value can be expressed as x commodity A=y commodity B, where x and y are the q__________ of commodity A and commodity B, respectively, and A and B refer to the specific kind of use values (q__________ difference).

24. Concretely, the simple form of value has the form of 20 yards or meters of l_____ (or another specific commodity with a definite quantity of use value)= (or are worth) 1 c____ (or another specific commodity with a definite quantity of use value).

25. The expression of the value of a commodty has two poles: the r________ form of value and the e__________ form.

26. The relative value form, such as the linen, e___________ its value in the equivalent form, such as the coat.

27. The relative value form of the commodity plays a(n) active/passive role in the expression of value and the equivalent form of the commodity plays a(n) active/passive role.

28. The relative and equivalent forms of value, like the poles of a magnet, exist only if b______ exist–they are i__________.

29. Because the relative and equivalent forms of value are inseparble, they mutually c__________ or affect each other.

30. While the relative and equivalent forms of value are inseparable and mutually condition each other, they also exclude/include each other; the same commodity can/cannot be simultaneously both in the relative and equivalent forms of value.

31. Linen, considered solely as a use-value (and this applies to any commodity taken only as use-value), cannot express its own value. In its n_______form, linen does not express either the s______ character of labour or the e_______ of human labour; it is simply a useful object. Its value can only be expressed through its r________ to another commodity.

32. The commodity which expresses its value in another commodity is in the relative/equivalent form of value.

33. The commodity in which another commodity expresses its value is in the relative/equivalent form.

34. If two commodities are brought into an exchange relation with each other, they simultaneously split up into one of the two forms, the relative form of value and the equivalent form of value, but if one is in the equivalent form of value, then the other is in the ______________ form of value.

35.  If two commodities are brought into an exchange relation with each other, they simultaneously split up into one of the two forms, the relative form of value and the equivalent form of value, but if one is in the relative form of value, then the other is in the ______________ form of value.